Frequency Response

Frequency response is a critical specification when assessing the sound quality of loudspeakers. It describes the range of audio frequencies (from bass to treble) that the speaker can reproduce and how accurately it delivers them. A speaker’s frequency response is usually given in Hertz (Hz) and represented as a range, such as 20 Hz – 20,000 Hz (or 20 kHz), which covers the audible spectrum for most humans.

What Does Frequency Response Mean?

The frequency response range provides insight into:

Lowest frequency (e.g., 20 Hz): This is the speaker's ability to reproduce bass. Lower frequencies (20-200 Hz) contribute to the depth and impact of music, such as the thump of a bass drum or the rumble of a low bass guitar.

Highest frequency (e.g., 20,000 Hz): This is the upper limit of treble frequencies, capturing the details of higher-pitched sounds like cymbals, strings, and vocal clarity.

Flat Frequency Response

Ideally, a loudspeaker aims for a flat frequency response, meaning it reproduces all frequencies at the same volume level without boosting or reducing any specific range. This creates a balanced sound, accurately reflecting the original recording without distortion.

The Frequency Response Graph

Manufacturers sometimes provide a frequency response graph showing how a speaker performs across various frequencies. A perfectly flat line would represent a truly flat response, though slight deviations are normal.

What Do Specifications Mean?

The frequency response spec is often accompanied by a ±dB tolerance (e.g., "20 Hz – 20 kHz ±3 dB"). This indicates how much the speaker's output might vary across the stated range:

Lower dB values (e.g., ±1 dB) suggest a more accurate response, with minimal deviation from the intended output.

Higher dB values (e.g., ±5 dB) imply more variance, meaning some frequencies might sound louder or quieter than they should, which can impact clarity and tonal balance.

In summary, frequency response specs help you understand how a speaker will reproduce sound across the audible range. A broad range and a low ±dB value are key indicators of quality, giving you a more natural, balanced listening experience.